Siriraj Hospital completed a five-year digital transformation (2020–2026) to become ASEAN's first 5G Smart Hospital, deploying a multi-layered architecture spanning private 5G networks, edge computing, hybrid cloud, and AI-driven clinical systems. The initiative addressed COVID-era operational bottlenecks—physical handling of medical supplies and data fragmentation—through modules including Smart EMS (real-time paramedic streaming), Smart ER (AI triage), and AI pathology systems. The phased, modular rollout minimized patient-safety risk and avoided vendor lock-in, making it a significant case study in healthcare digital transformation for large legacy institutions.