Thailand's Central Bank Governor revealed a critical SME crisis: 50% of registered SMEs fail within 10 years, SME contribution to GDP has dropped from 1.9% to 1.3%, non-performing loans hit 9.5% (vs. 2% for large firms), and rejection rates reach 55–70%+ for credit applications. Zombie SMEs unable to cover interest jumped from 2% to nearly 6%. The Bank of Thailand is launching a three-pillar SME Credit Ecosystem (portal, new guarantee mechanism, data bureau) to reduce access costs and credit risk, targeting 200,000 million baht in combined credit guarantees annually.