Thai data centers are adopting advanced liquid cooling systems for AI chips (especially NVIDIA GPUs) that require higher cooling capacity than water alone. These systems use specialized chemical coolants in closed loops, including ammonia and CO₂-based refrigerants. The article flags a regulatory blind spot: data centers currently exempt from EIA (environmental impact assessments) in Bangkok despite handling hazardous chemicals. Coolant leaks pose real risks (respiratory toxicity, asphyxiation in enclosed spaces). Newer Thai AI factories are upgrading cooling tech, but environmental protocols lag industry practice—key concern for SMEs building or hosting infrastructure.