Opposition and government-aligned parties jointly criticized Thailand's 1999 Education Act as ineffective, with 80% of education budgets going to teacher salaries and minimal curriculum development. They called for a revolutionary (not merely reformist) overhaul of the education system, including separating basic education legislation, establishing an independent "super-board" insulated from political turnover, and addressing persistent inequality. Key gaps identified include poor PISA performance, inadequate mental health support for students, and lack of system flexibility.