Thailand's National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) believes Japanese automakers like Toyota will remain committed to Thailand despite Indonesia's competitive lures, citing the 30-year-mature supply chain ecosystem as a critical retention factor. The council notes government fiscal incentives for local investment, coupled with structural barriers to relocation, will help offset declining ICE vehicle exports due to carbon regulations and EV competition. Key policy moves include requiring EV manufacturers to establish local factories and gradual localization of EV components like motors and powertrains.