Assistant Professor Dr. Atthawut Pisalyavanich of Rangsit University projects that Thai goods could face a combined US tariff of 31.5% if both the ART reciprocal tariff (19%) and Section 301 forced labour tariffs (12.5%) are applied simultaneously. He recommends Thailand prioritize negotiations to cap total tariff burden—including all measures—at 19%, avoid double taxation between ART and Section 301, and urgently enact forced labour import prohibitions to qualify for lower tariff rates like Cambodia and Indonesia. Key risk factors include worst-case scenarios of 44% (adding another 12.5% for surplus production concerns), with 50% probability assigned to the 31.5% outcome.