Thailand's fiscal authority (NESDC) signals rising concerns over household debt as personal and mortgage lending accelerates to 4.82% YoY in Q1 2025, with total household debt at 16.41 trillion baht (85.9% of GDP). While NPL ratios declined slightly, problematic loans (SML: 31–90 day arrears) are increasing. Critically, only 15% of debtors enrolled in state relief programs (2019–2025) successfully resumed normal repayment, with 85% still struggling—indicating program limitations and weak income recovery that may require individualized support redesign.