Global FDI flows are reshaping toward technology-intensive and strategic sectors (AI, semiconductors, data centers, critical minerals) now representing 44% of greenfield investment, up from 16% five years ago. UNCTAD and Thailand's ITD warn that competing on costs and incentives alone is insufficient; Thailand must instead attract high-value FDI that transfers technology, skills, and innovation. The challenge is not just bringing investment in, but ensuring it creates meaningful economic value—particularly by integrating Thai businesses into global value chains and building high-skill employment ecosystems in niche sectors where Thailand has genuine competitive advantage.